Cardiovascular Embryology Readiness Assessment

1. The heart and blood vessels are derived from primarily from:

  1. pharyngeal endoderm
  2. lateral plate mesoderm
  3. cervical somites
  4. ectoderm

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2. In humans, a four-chambered heart is present starting at:

  1. 3 weeks after fertilization
  2. 8 weeks after fertilization
  3. 12 weeks after fertilization
  4. 20 weeks after fertilization

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3. Prior to heart looping, venous input via the atria and output via the outflow tract are oriented such that:

  1. Both input and output are cranial (superior or “anterior”)
  2. Both input and output are caudal (inferior or “posterior”)
  3. Input is cranial and output is caudal
  4. Input is caudal and output is cranial

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4. The secondary heart field gives rise to:

  1. right ventricle and outflow tract
  2. left ventricle
  3. right atrium
  4. left atrium

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5. The septum primum and septum secundum divide the:

  1. left and right atria
  2. left and right atrioventricular canals
  3. left and right ventricles
  4. aorta and pulmonary trunk

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6. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the formation of the membranous interventricular septum?

  1. conotruncal (outflow tract) endocardial cushions
  2. atrioventricular endocardial cushions
  3. interventricular muscular septum tissue
  4. septum primum
  5. neural crest

ANSWER:

 

7. Which of the following is a feature of the sequence of cardiovascular defects known as the “tetralogy of Fallot?”

  1. atrial septal defect
  2. patent ductus venosus
  3. pulmonary stenosis
  4. ALL of the above
  5. NONE of the above

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8. Conotruncal endocardial cushions contribute to:

  1. mitral valve
  2. tricuspid valve
  3. aortic valve
  4. ALL of the above
  5. NONE of the above

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9. During vascular development, the 4th aortic arch on the RIGHT contributes to the:

  1. right common carotid artery
  2. right pulmonary trunk
  3. ductus arteriosus
  4. proximal portion of the right subclavian artery

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10. During vascular development, the hepatic portal system arises from:

  1. vitelline arteries
  2. vitelline veins
  3. umbilical veins
  4. cardinal veins

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