Cardiovascular Embryology Readiness Assessment
1. The heart and blood vessels are derived from primarily from:
- pharyngeal endoderm
- lateral plate mesoderm
- cervical somites
- ectoderm
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2. In humans, a four-chambered heart is present starting at:
- 3 weeks after fertilization
- 8 weeks after fertilization
- 12 weeks after fertilization
- 20 weeks after fertilization
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3. Prior to heart looping, venous input via the atria and output via the outflow tract are oriented such that:
- Both input and output are cranial (superior or “anterior”)
- Both input and output are caudal (inferior or “posterior”)
- Input is cranial and output is caudal
- Input is caudal and output is cranial
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4. The secondary heart field gives rise to:
- right ventricle and outflow tract
- left ventricle
- right atrium
- left atrium
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5. The septum primum and septum secundum divide the:
- left and right atria
- left and right atrioventricular canals
- left and right ventricles
- aorta and pulmonary trunk
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6. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the formation of the membranous interventricular septum?
- conotruncal (outflow tract) endocardial cushions
- atrioventricular endocardial cushions
- interventricular muscular septum tissue
- septum primum
- neural crest
ANSWER:
7. Which of the following is a feature of the sequence of cardiovascular defects known as the “tetralogy of Fallot?”
- atrial septal defect
- patent ductus venosus
- pulmonary stenosis
- ALL of the above
- NONE of the above
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8. Conotruncal endocardial cushions contribute to:
- mitral valve
- tricuspid valve
- aortic valve
- ALL of the above
- NONE of the above
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9. During vascular development, the 4th aortic arch on the RIGHT contributes to the:
- right common carotid artery
- right pulmonary trunk
- ductus arteriosus
- proximal portion of the right subclavian artery
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10. During vascular development, the hepatic portal system arises from:
- vitelline arteries
- vitelline veins
- umbilical veins
- cardinal veins
ANSWER: